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The Hot Hand effect: The nature of winning streaks

- What is the Hot Hand effect?

- How can the Hot Hand effect impact sports betting?

- Exceptions to the Hot Hand effect

What is the hot hand effect? What is the nature of winning streaks? How can the hot hand effect impact sports betting? Exceptions to the hot hand effect.

What is the Hot Hand effect?

The phrase "Hot Hand" originated in basketball, suggesting that a player who makes consecutive shots is more likely to succeed in subsequent attempts. This belief is widespread among coaches, spectators, and players, reinforcing the idea of this effect. Yet, research indicates that the likelihood of continued success due to the Hot Hand effect is no greater than random chance.


Studies in other sports, like cricket, show minimal significant statistical effects. Whether examining batting streaks or teams' winning sequences, typically, these runs end, and performance returns to the norm.


If the effect is minimal or non-existent, why do we give it so much weight? Evolutionarily speaking, our early ancestors needed to recognize patterns in nature to find essential resources like food and water, which translates into spotting and exploiting patterns in betting today.


Furthermore, witnessing such phenomena personally might make us believe it happens universally, even among top athletes. However, data from junior golfers (Cotton and Price, 2006) suggests that higher skill levels make athletes less influenced by confidence boosts.

Our cognitive bias towards "presentism" also plays a role—believing that current trends will continue longer than they actually do.

Exceptions to the Hot Hand effect

In certain scenarios, the Hot Hand effect appears more pronounced:

Analysis of ten pin bowlers indicated a 12% higher chance of hitting a fifth strike following four consecutive strikes (Dorsey-Palmateer and Smith, 2004).


In the NHL's hardest shot competition, statisticians observed almost perfect consistency in shot speeds among players (Reifman, 2007).


In tennis, players were more likely to win the next point if they had won the previous one (Klaasen and Magnus, 2001).


These instances involve repetitive actions with brief intervals, where the Hot Hand effect is more observable. Competitions like the 3-point shootout in the NBA All-Star game also merit consideration, although as the number of variables increases, detecting the Hot Hand effect becomes challenging.


How can the Hot Hand effect impact your betting?

The Hot Hand effect could mean that media hype influences casual punters in the market by focusing on teams or players experiencing winning streaks—or the reverse with a Cold Hand. This can lead to skewed odds, presenting opportunities for a contrarian betting strategy.


Recognizing when a team or player is performing above or below their usual level is crucial. Research shows that players might change their tactics when they are aware of their winning streak, and competitors might adjust their strategies accordingly, complicating the ability to maintain a streak.


Understanding overperformance or underperformance with an objective perspective, especially considering the opponents and game conditions, can provide an edge over other bettors. Remember, even the best runs eventually end, as the local saying goes, "Every tide has its ebb."


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